Managing watersheds to achieve people-centered water and environmental sanitation

This paper clearly illustrates the experience of the Philippine Watershed Management Coalition (PWMC) in promoting on-ground people-centered watershed management which could be an important input towards the realization of a people centered water and environmental sanitation. It is intended to share first hand experiences on collaborative efforts among watershed stakeholders in the area of advocacy and capacity building as a means of achieving watershed management at the same time moving towards water resources protection/conservation and environmental sanitation. It also stresses the importance of making watershed management a people-focused approach

Job-shop Scheduling Over a Heterogeneous Platform

Real-time scheduling involves determining the allocation of platform resources in such a way tasks can meet their temporal restrictions. This work focuses on job-shop tasks model in which a task have a finite number of nonpreemptive different instances (jobs) that share a unique hard deadline and their time requirements are known until task arrival. Non-preemptive scheduling is considered because this characteristic is widely used in industry. Besides job-shop scheduling has direct impacts on the production efficiency and costs of manufacturing systems. So that the development of analysis for tasks with these characteristics is necessary. The aim of this work is to propose an online scheduling test able to guarantee the execution of a new arriving task, which is generated by human interaction with an embedded system, otherwise to discart it. An extension of the schedulability test proposed by Baruah in 2006 for non-preemptive periodic tasks over an identical platform is presented in this paper. Such extension is applied to non-preemptive tasks that have hard deadlines over a heterogeneous platform. To do that, some virtual changes over both the task set and the platform are effectuated

La justicia militar contra un alcalde de la República. El proceso de Francisco Cruz Sánchez, alcalde de Ronda

Since the beginning of the war, the new Francoist state that was born from the weapons, attempted an institutionalization of repression, making it an essential socio-political control mechanism whose goal was ending the adversary and the preceding democratic regime. In this article we destem proceedings against Francisco Cruz Sánchez, Communist mayor who was from the city of Ronda, during the last stage of the second Republic. The study of the procedure allows an approach to the operation of Franco's military justice and his repressive discourse, as well as access to an analytical reading of the facts to rescue the ostracism the last Republican Mayor of dreamed town of Ronda.Desde el inicio del conflicto bélico, el nuevo estado franquista procuró una institucionalización de la represión, constituyendo ésta un mecanismo esencial del control sociopolítico cuyo objetivo último era acabar con el adversario y el régimen democrático precedente. En el presente artículo desgranamos el proceso militar contra Francisco Cruz Sánchez, alcalde comunista que fue de la ciudad de Ronda, durante la última etapa de la II República. El estudio del procedimiento nos permite una aproximación al funcionamiento de la justicia militar franquista y su discurso represivo, así como acceder a una lectura analítica de los hechos para rescatar del ostracismo al último alcalde republicano de la Ciudad Soñada de Ronda

República, retaguardia y justicia militar en la serranía de ronda (1930-1940)

Las deficiencias infraestructurales y el aislamiento natural mantuvieron vivo el mito del atraso y una representación arquetípica de la españolidad forjada en el mito divulgado por los viajeros románticos: el del bandolero, indisociable de la pobreza, instrumento de la injusticia y ejecutor de una violencia primaria y justiciera. Sin embargo, ese espacio inhóspito de economía fundamentalmente forestal y agraria sostiene también el desarrollo de una sólida industria alimentaria, focos de actividad industrial y el desenvolvimiento, sobre todo, en Ronda de un sector servicios en el que ya cabía una pionera dedicación al turismo. En relación con este panorama puede considerarse la existencia, al menos en las localidades de mayor diversificación económica, de grupos medios que habrían nutrido el asociacionismo republicano por una parte y la masonería por otra. El retrato de la retaguardia rondeña no es compatible con el de una situación caótica y desorganizada en la que el resentimiento y la sed de venganza dieron solo lugar al derramamiento –que no puede minimizarse— de sangre. Por el contrario, fue gestionada con criterios de racionalidad mucho más resolutivos que los establecidos en las vecinas comarcas de Marbella y Estepona. En Ronda y en algunos de los pueblos más importantes de la Sierra como Montejaque y Grazalema, el colapso de la legalidad republicana ofreció el marco de oportunidad para el ensayo de un modelo de sociedad largamente pensada en la cultura política de los anarquistas. El conjunto de cuadros que se reproducen en la Tesis no obedece solo a un afán cuantificador, que sigue siendo necesario, sino a la necesidad de visibilizar la casi perfecta organización de la estructura represiva, articulada sobre los juzgados de instrucción que trabajaron para el conjunto de Tribunales Militares constituidos en Ronda, en la Serranía y en la Sierra de Cádiz. Tal y como se presenta la organización de los juzgados revela también el ordenamiento de las causas y el número de procesados en cada una de ellas, su identidad y procedencia. Sin entrar en el análisis cualitativo de los procedimientos, la estructura judicial articulada, tal y como se reproduce, define las características de la represión franquista en la provincia de Málaga y, por ende, en Ronda: ordenada, sistemática, normalizada, controlada y garantista, unas características asimilables a su articulación y a su estructura, pero no a su aplicación.La presente tesis aborda el estudio de una comarca concreta, la Serranía de Ronda, durante la década 1930-1940. Un periodo generalizado por un profundo cambio, el sistema de gobierno, sustituyendo el régimen monárquico por uno republicano. Durante el trascurso de la investigación, que se divide en tres grandes bloques: República, Retaguardia y Justicia Militar, se alcanza el objetivo de avanzar en la investigación de los acontecimientos que se desarrollaron en la zona de estudio durante el periodo indicado. Apoyado de una amplísima documentación archivística y bibliográfica se aborda en un primer estadio el periodo republicano, la ruptura con la forma de gobierno precedente y las dificultades de la implantación del nuevo estado. En un segundo bloque se analiza el periodo de la Guerra Civil propiamente dicho, desde la sublevación hasta la implantación del nuevo estado franquista. Las operaciones militares en la zona, el fracaso del alzamiento, los nuevos poderes surgidos tras el 18 de julio, las distintas formas de violencia y la gestión de la guerra en una retaguardia temprana. Finaliza con un tercer bloque en que se somete a estudio la implantación de la jurisdicción de guerra y la justicia militar. Un minucioso análisis de los juzgados instructores y los consejos de guerra que actuaron en la zona nos ha permitido conocer la incidencia que esta jurisdicción tuvo en el conjunto de la Serranía, así como su estructura y articulación que la perfilan como una represión sistematizada. El resultado de esta aproximación a la comarca revela un mundo dual

Molecular signature of response and potential pathways related to resistance to the HSP90 inhibitor, 17AAG, in breast cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>HSP90 may be a favorable target for investigational therapy in breast cancer. In fact, the HSP90 inhibitor, 17AAG, currently has entered in phase II clinical trials as an anticancer agent in breast and other tumors. Since HSP90 inhibition leads to global depletion of oncogenic proteins involved in multiple pathways we applied global analysis using gene array technology to study new genes and pathways involved in the drug response in breast cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Gene expression profiling using Whole Human Genome Agilent array technology was applied to a total of six sensitive and two resistant breast cancer cell lines pre-treatment and treated with the 17AAG for 24 and 48 hours.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have identified a common molecular signature of response to 17AAG composed of 35 genes which include novel pharmacodynamic markers of this drug. In addition, different patterns of HSP90 client transcriptional changes after 17AAG were identified associated to the sensitive cell lines, which could be useful to evaluate drug effectiveness. Finally, we have found differentially expressed pathways associated to resistance to 17AAG. We observed significant activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways in resistant cells upon treatment, indicating that these pathways could be potentially targeted to overcome resistance.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study shows that global mRNA expression analysis is a useful strategy to examine molecular effects of drugs, which allowed us the discovery of new biomarkers of 17AAG activity and provided more insights into the complex mechanism of 17AAG resistance.</p

Incentivar por medio de las redes sociales herramientas que permitan el crecimiento de la organización artística y social Skené

Inicialmente se debe aclarar que el presente ensayo es un abordaje crítico de una investigación realizada dentro del Diplomado en Construcción de Redes Sociales hacia la OSP Corporación Artística y Social Skené. Esta OSP funciona como la formación de disciplinas artísticas, como la dramaturgia y las artes escénicas y su finalidad es impartir ese conocimiento que el director de la corporación ha adquirido con los años y lograr inspirar a muchos jóvenes y así mismo mantener vivo el amor por el arte. La corporación social y artística Skené ha atravesado por muchas etapas las cuales han dejado grandes huellas y vacíos dentro de su actividad y su proyección, uno de ellos fue la pandemia ya que no lograron generar tanta conexión con los demás estudiantes que habían en ese entonces y algunos desertaron, para este momento su nivel de conocimiento ante la comunidad era paupérrimo, costaba un poco salir a recorrer escenarios pues no eran reconocidos, esta fue la oportunidad que se vio para iniciar una estrategia comunicativa y social con esta OSP la investigación y entender cómo se podía ayudarlos y también como se podían acercar más a la comunidad.Initially, it should be clarified that this essay is a critical approach to an investigation carried out within the Diploma in Construction of Social Networks towards the OSP Corporación Artística y Social Skené. This OSP works as the training of artistic disciplines, such as dramaturgy and performing arts and its purpose is to impart that knowledge that the director of the corporation has acquired over the years and to inspire many young people and likewise keep alive the love for the art. The Skené social and artistic corporation has gone through many stages which have left great traces and gaps within its activity and its projection, one of them was the pandemic since they did not manage to generate as much connection with the other students that there were at that time and some deserted, for this moment their level of knowledge before the community was very poor, it was a bit difficult to go out to explore the scenarios because they were not recognized, this was the opportunity that was seen to start a communication and social strategy with this OSP the investigation and understand how you could help them and also how they could get closer to the community

Color pattern and body size variation in live Aspidoscelis costatus costatus (Squamata: Teiidae) from a protected enclave in southern Mexico

Coloración en la lagartija Aspidoscelis costatus costatusWhiptail lizards in the sexlineatus species group (genus Aspidoscelis) in North America represent some of the most challenging patterns of variation in the North American herpetofauna. The range of color patterns in these populations is based on individual, ontogenetic, sexual, seasonal, and/or geographic variation. We studied representatives of a population of Western Mexico Whiptail (A. costatus costatus) from a protected private enclave of approximately 0.27 ha in the municipality and city of Ixtapan de la Sal, Estado de México, México. We captured 50 lizards in 2016 and 24 in 2018, most of which we photographed ex situ and a few in situ. These photographs revealed that a variety of age/size related dorsal and ventral patterns were consistently present. Males progressed through five stages of dorsal pattern changes from pale stripes, dark intervening fields, no spots to spots, and diverse pale configurations set in a black ground color. Females in this population showed similar changes but did not lose striping as they grew. Ontogenetic changes in ventral color patterns were also apparent, with males becoming more colorful than females. The adaptive significance of extensive color pattern variation in this urban population of A. c. costatus warrants further study

High temperature tribological behaviour of metal matrix composites produced by SPS

Materials used as friction components in transportation field are subjected to extreme working conditions: they rapidly reach their structural limits and critical parts require to be regularly replaced. Alternative solutions withstanding higher operating conditions imply to find innovative materials. Steel matrix composites including various solid lubricants, WS2 and h-BN, able to support high temperatures were developed using a Spark Plasma Sintering technique, which makes possible the formation of new microstructures out of reach by conventional means. Sliding tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc tribometer in air at 450°C, with a normal load of 15 N and various velocities ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 m/s. Influence of solid lubricant content and sensitivity to test parameters were studied in terms of friction and wear responses of the contacting materials. Test results reveal an improvement of friction properties for composites containing highest WS2contents. A reduction of wear is quantified for all composites, and the best behaviour is observed for those that contain WS2. In agreement with the third body approach, interpretations are proposed to describe the interphase dynamics within the contact

Aspidoscelis costatus costatus (Squamata, Teiidae): high elevation clutch production for a population of whiptail lizards

Artículo del tamaño de nidada en la lagartija Aspidoscelis costatus costatus.Clutch size and number of clutches per reproductive cycle are important life history traits that can be influenced by anatomical, physiological, evolutionary, and ecological factors. This report on the clutch size and number of clutches of an endemic Mexican whiptail lizard, Aspidoscelis costatus costatus (Cope, 1878), is based on a study of population at an unsually high elevation for a member of this genus. The study site is located in Ixtapan de la Sal, southeastern Estado de México, Central Mexico, at 2090 m a.s.l. Lizards were sampled in June 2006, and from May to July 2007, where females of Aspidoscelis costatus costatus were collected by hand along a drift fence. Female reproductive condition was evaluated based on abdominal palpation for presence of developing eggs; clutch size was determined by actual counts of either vitellogenic follicles or oviductal eggs. The smallest reproductive female was 77 mm snout vent length; females produced a minimum of two clutches during the breeding season, the mean clutch size of 6.5 eggs (n = 33) was one of the largest reported for the genus. However, both length and width of its eggs, and the relative clutch mass have not been diminished by development of a large clutch. Additionally, comparisons of clutch size were undertaken within the polytypic A. costatus complex, within the genus Aspidoscelis, and between certain genera of whiptail lizards. This apparently represents the first study of whiptail lizards (genus Aspidoscelis), assessing the aforementioned reproductive characteristics, in a population above 2000 m